Mpox (mokeypox) is a rare viral infection. Although cases are increasing in parts of Africa, the risk of getting mpox in Scotland is still very low.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that ‘monkeypox’ should now be referred to as ‘mpox’. The name change is to address concerns around stigmatising language associated with the disease. Learn more about the change in the press release from WHO.
Anyone can get mpox. There are broadly 2 types of mpox, Clade 1 and Clade 2.
Clade 1 mpox is usually more severe. It has occurred in parts of central and west Africa, but recently cases have increased and started to spread to nearby African countries.
An outbreak of Clade 2 mpox occurred in 2022 and currently most cases across Europe and the UK have been in gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM).
You can get mpox through close personal contact with someone who has the infection, such as during sex.
If you’re infected with mpox, symptoms usually start 5 to 21 days later. The symptoms often get better by themselves over 2 to 4 weeks.
Symptoms of mpox can include:
The pox rash goes through 4 phases:
Mpox rash can sometimes be confused with other diseases that can look similar, like chickenpox. A diagnosis of mpox requires an assessment by a health professional and specific testing.
Mpox is not transmitted very easily between people. However, you can get mpox from close contact with an infected person through:
To reduce your risk of exposure to mpox you should:
Mpox is caused by a virus similar to the one that causes smallpox. Vaccines designed for smallpox are considered effective against mpox.
Read about vaccination to help protect against mpox
Mpox is usually a mild illness. Most people recover in 2 to 4 weeks.
However, in some cases if a person is really unwell, they may require hospital treatment in a specialist unit.
You have symptoms of mpox and have travelled to Africa in the last 21 days (this country list is expanding and subject to change).
Or, you have symptoms of mpox and you identify as a gay, bisexual or other man who has sex with men (GBMSM).
Or, you have symptoms of mpox and, regardless of your sexual orientation, in the last 21 days you have either:
You have:
Find your local sexual health clinic
If your sexual health clinic is closed, phone your GP. If your GP is closed, phone 111. In an emergency phone 999.
You should stay at home, avoid close contact with others and get medical help by phone until you’re assessed.
If you have mpox, your doctor or a health protection specialist will advise you to self-isolate at home.
You’ll have been provided with contact details of a medical team and you should contact them if you have any concerns. Get medical attention quickly if your illness is worsening. In an emergency, phone 999 and tell the call handler or operator that you have mpox infection.
You should:
People who live in the same household as someone with mpox are at the highest risk of becoming infected. This is because they are most likely to have close contact over a period of time. If you live with other people, they’ll have been advised to isolate at home too and will be given further advice.
You should:
Cover your mouth and nose with disposable tissues when you cough or sneeze. Dispose of them in a bag. Place this bag in another bag and follow the instructions for disposing of waste. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water for 20 seconds.
If you are not able to follow this advice at any time during your self-isolation period, you should speak to your doctor or healthcare specialist.
If you are self-isolating, you can leave your house only for essential purposes which cannot be delayed. For example, emergencies, urgent medical appointments, or for urgent health and wellbeing issues.
Make sure any blisters or rash on your body is completely covered. For example, by wearing a long-sleeved top and full-length trousers.
Wear a well-fitting surgical face mask or a double-layered face covering while you’re outside your home.
Keep the time spent outside your home as short as possible.
Avoid contact with objects such as furniture in public spaces.
If you need to travel for essential purposes you should walk, cycle or drive yourself. If this is not possible, you can be driven by a household member as long as they are not pregnant or have a weakened immune system. You should wear a well-fitting surgical face mask or double-layered face covering while in the car.
If private transport is not available, public transport can be used. You should avoid busy periods. Cover any blisters or rash with cloth. For example using scarfs or bandages. Wear a well-fitting surgical face mask or double-layered face covering.
Ask friends or relatives to help with buying groceries, other essentials or collecting medication, or order them online. Friends, relatives and delivery drivers should leave items outside your home and should not come inside. They should not touch anything that you have touched.
Clean your own used crockery and cutlery. If you have one, use a dishwasher to clean and dry these items. Otherwise, wash your own crockery and cutlery using your usual washing up liquid and warm water and leave them to air dry.
If you have blisters or rash on your hands, wear single-use disposable gloves or reusable washing up gloves while washing up. Any reusable gloves should not be shared. They should be binned at the end of your isolation period.
You should do your own laundry. Keep your laundry items separate from the rest of the household’s laundry. Wash them using your normal detergent, following manufacturer’s instructions.
If possible, use the highest temperature which the items can withstand.
Do not overload the washing machine – aim for half or two-thirds full. Avoid shorter ‘economy cycles’ (those which reduce water and save energy) until you have fully recovered.
When you’re taking laundry to the washing machine, avoid shaking the laundry. This could spread virus particles into the air and onto surfaces in your home.
If you’re carrying dirty laundry from one room to another you can place it in a large plastic bag or a container then take it straight to the washing machine.
If you do not have a washing machine, you can hand-wash your laundry using warm water and your normal detergent. This might be more effective in a large sink or bathtub.
Clean all surfaces when you have finished.
You should regularly clean surfaces that you touch often. For example, door handles and light switches. Use a damp cloth to prevent dust from gathering on surfaces, especially in your bedroom.
Use your usual household cleaning products, such as detergents and bleach.
Take extra care if using bleach to clean surfaces. You should:
If you have to travel in a car with someone else, or have driven yourself alone in a car you normally share, wipe down all hard surfaces after the journey. You should do this using a standard detergent or detergent wipes. You should also wear gloves and a well-fitting surgical face mask or double-layered face covering.
Waste should be double bagged and disposed of following waste disposal advice.
Put personal waste (such as used tissues) and disposable cleaning cloths in disposable rubbish bags.
Vacuum cleaner waste should be emptied carefully into a disposable rubbish bag. This includes disposable filters if your vacuum cleaner has one.
Put all disposable rubbish bags into a second disposable bag. Tie it securely before binning with your usual waste.
You should not put any waste into recycling bins until you have ended your self-isolation.
No cases of mpox have been reported in wild animals or pets in the UK. But it is possible that pets could become infected or contaminated with the virus through close contact with an infected person. They could then transmit the virus to others.
If you have pets you should avoid close contact with them as much as you can and practice good hygiene.
If you have pets you should read and follow the guidance for pet owners who are isolating because of mpox from the Animal and Plant Health Agency.
Do not let pets sleep in the bed with you.
Wash your hands before and after handling pets or materials they have had contact with. For example, collars, leads, feed and feeding bowls, litter trays, bedding and toys.
Your pets should remain in the house with you but you may let them out to go to the toilet on a lead. Keep a 1 metre distance from other people and animals. Going outside should be kept to an absolute minimum while you’re isolating.
If your pet needs veterinary care while you’re isolating at home, do not take your pet to your usual veterinary practice. Phone them in advance to ask their advice. You may have to ask someone else to take your pet to the surgery for you.
You should self-isolate at home until:
If you meet all of these points, you may be able to stop self-isolating. But, you should speak to your doctor or healthcare specialist first to discuss this. You should continue to avoid close contact with young children, pregnant women and people with a weakened immune system until the scabs on all your blisters have fallen off and a fresh layer of skin has formed underneath. This is because you may still be infectious until the scabs have fallen off.
After your self-isolation has ended you should cover any remaining blisters when leaving the house or having close contact with people in your household until all the scabs have fallen off and a fresh layer of skin has formed underneath.
While you’re self-isolating, you should refrain from sexual activity to reduce the risk of infection to your partner. It’s not known how long mpox virus remains present in semen and other genital fluid.
If you wish to resume sexual activity after your self-isolation has ended, you should use a condom for 12 weeks after your rash has scabbed over and scabs have fallen off. This is a precaution to reduce the risk of infection to your partner.
Staying at home for a period of time can be difficult, frustrating and lonely for some people. You or other household members may feel low. It can be more difficult if you don’t have much space or a garden.
You should take care of your mind as well as your body and get support if you need it. Stay in touch with family and friends over the phone or on social media.
Waverly Care offer one to one mental health and wellbeing support to people with mpox who are isolating, via video or phone calls. Anybody who would like this support should fill in the ‘Looking for support’ online form.
Last updated:
16 August 2024